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Up until the onset of World War II in 1938, most of Germany's oil and fuel supplies came from three sources: imports from overseas, oil extraction from local oil fields, and the production of German synthetic oil from coal.tripadvisor.com Allied blockades prevented the importation of fuel to Germany. This resulted in Germany having to rely on its own resources for fuel.germanamericanclubnv.com Of course, they utilized fuel from conquered countries, but they also had to rely on coal-to-oil conversion. The process by which coal was converted to oil or synthetic fuel is known as the Fischer-Tropsch process. Partial oxidation of the coal results in the production of carbon dioxide and monoxide.


This is a catalyzed process by which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted to variations of liquid hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons are then refined to produce the resulting German synthetic oil. However, there was another efficient process of coal-to-oil synthesis. Hydrogenation, [http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16469928 bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33017310 BBC] a process by which the coal-to-oil conversion is exposed to hydrogen, was found to be an efficient option in comparison to the Fischer-Tropsch process. The reason for this was because the raw materials needed for the Fischer-Tropsch process was more than what was required for the hydrogenation process. The Fischer-Tropsch fuel had a lower octane than the other, but diesel fuel was satisfactory.


Also the Fischer-Tropsch fuel was more expensive than hydrogenation in both running and capital expenses for German synthetic oil. The bombings of synthetic fuel plants by allied forces in May of 1944 had made a huge impact on Nazi Germany and their war effort. Coal Liquefaction - Is it Workable and Justifiable? That being said, I would think fuel synthesis is justifiable due to the fact that countries might have been forced into a position financially to use it as an alternative fuel. People are always looking for ways to save money. Also, the price of gas would be cheaper if this coal-to-oil process were used. 25 a barrel. This would probably make gas around a dollar and change a gallon. In the coal shale of Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado, there are trillion of barrels of oil that could be synthesized! The issue is that the Fischer-Tropsch process itself is quite costly. The Center for Renewable Energy Science and Technology is conducting research to produce a type of "microfluidic" technology that would make this process more affordable than the cost of the German technology.


If there are any cracks on your cabinets, make sure you apply them there as well because the roaches will most likely try to hide there. The most important thing to remember when applying the product is that you need to find the roaches' hiding places and apply the bait there. Make sure you do the same thing in your bathroom as well. If, like me, the roaches are everywhere in your apartment or your home, you simply need to put the bait in the kitchen and in the bathroom, and the problem will be taken care of. When I followed these steps, it only took me a week to get rid of all the German roaches in my apartment. I used two tubes of the bait to get rid of them. I think it cost me about 26 dollars for the tubes.


I live in a 3 bedroom apartment. I guess if you live in a big house and the whole house is infested, you will probably need more than 2 tubes. How To Keep The German Roaches From Coming Back? The best way I have found to keep these German roaches from coming back to my place is to put just a little bit of the gel roach bait once a month in the kitchen. I do not use a lot. I just put small dabs in the areas where they are susceptible to hide and it seems to do the trick. It has been three months since I got rid of them and I haven't seen one since.


I must tell you that the boric acid is very toxic, so you have to be extra careful when using it, especially around the areas where you prepare your food. You can try both the tablet and the powder form of the boric acid. It will take take a couple of weeks before you start seeing results with this technique and up to a few months to get rid of the roaches for good. I hope these techniques work for you. What is your nightmare story with German roaches? Sign in or sign up and post using a HubPages Network account. 0 of 8192 characters usedPost CommentNo HTML is allowed in comments, but URLs will be hyperlinked. Comments are not for promoting your articles or other sites. Welcome to the south! Lets make sure we put her on the bug list!


An economic crisis has pushed many financially stable families in the most developed countries into precarious situations. The US are facing rising and insurmountable debts, the labor market crisis in Europe has pulled the rug out from under the Europeans and the new superpower China will hardly be able to maintain a growth of 9% this year. Highly-qualified graduates are not finding jobs in Spain, Greece, Italy and Portugal and many do not see any light at the end of the tunnel. Many are considering going abroad to find jobs but fear, skepticism and uncertainty keeps many from taking that step.Indeed, living in a foreign country is not easy.


Adapting to a new culture and foreign traditions as well as learning a new language often takes years and can lead to frustration and even rejection of the host countries customs. However, the world is transforming and many countries are opening up their doors to skilled and motivated workers. One of these countries is Germany which is in many aspects a very welcoming and hospitable European country. Germany is a very sought after location for university students from abroad. The German tertiary education system is highly diversified. If you are practically oriented and want to gather professional experience while studying at university, a Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences) might be just the right institution for you. These Fachhochschulen offer degree programs in the field of technology, business, social studies and media management.


Those interested in studying medicine, education and law-related study programs will find the programs they are looking for at the traditional universities. Some might be reluctant about studying in Germany due to a limited knowledge of the German language. You don’t have anything to worry about anymore. Nowadays, BBC many German educational institutions including universities offer international degree programs. Subjects are taught in English and students are awarded a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree with international recognition at the end of their studies. Sign in or sign up and post using a HubPages Network account. 0 of 8192 characters usedPost CommentNo HTML is allowed in comments, but URLs will be hyperlinked. Comments are not for promoting your articles or other sites. I'll be going to Germany next spring and I'm looking forward to checking it out.


I don't know why you write about Germany. Most of what you mention here is not true or only half true. For example, it's not true that every employee gets a 30 day vacation. The law is that employees get a minimum of 24 days (see § 3 Abs. Freelancers and self-employed don't get any holidays. Then, you mention the cleanliness and order. This is true at tourist places and small towns everything is tidy but you obviously haven't been in the big cities. Further, you haven't seen how many people live on the street and [http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31003070 bbc.com/news/magazine-25776836 BBC] that millions of people live at the existence minimum and this although they already have 2-3 jobs. Then, seniors who paid all the years of work for their old-age pension can't live on this and have to work besides.


The oh so great medical system is partly not affordable for the poor like in all other countries. Next, oh boy, the railway system. Really expensive and always not in time. No air condition in summer and not enough heating in winter and gets stranded in blazing heat or snow. Concerning the beer - this is all local tradition, not every sort is available all over the country. Some sorts are very special and not all German like to drink all sorts or beer at all. Clubs - clubs actually are of English origin and English tradition and you find a bigger number there. Hence, why is Germany the country of Clubs? Our German educational system is nothing special.


You have different ways to reach your goal, but so you have in other countries of the western world and of course you have to pay fees in each semester for studying.hofbrauhauslasvegas.com Concerning the culinary art I must say I don't know anyone who eats sausages with rye bread as you show it on this photo. Sorry, but this simply is nasty together. Further I don't know anybody who works with such a Blue Card in Germany because it is very difficult to get one. As far as I know you need a work contract with a company and the company has to prove that there is no German available with the same qualification - just like for the U.S.


Green Card. Then, it's not for everyone but only for really high qualified persons who already have or had a career. I apologize and I'm really sorry, but this article is not even half true. Living in Germany is one of the best things that happened into my life. I´m living now between these 2 countries, Philippines and Germany and it´s always a pleasure to be back in Germany every time I´m out of this country. Thanks for sharing this useful hub. I really enjoyed my stay in Germany between 2005 and 2011. Once you master the language and understand the mentality, you can have a really good life in Germany. That is true, the secondary education system should undergo reformation and the system of having three different high schools for the smart, the average and the dumb students (to call a spade a spade) is questionable.


I think Gymnasien are good because they teach at a very high level but the students at Realschulen and Hauptschulen do not have the most amazing job opportunities when they graduate. I definitely agree with your comments on food, beer and the health system - all great reasons to live here. Although I do have to admit that the beer isn't the same or as good everywhere - I recently moved to Saxony from Bavaria and I really miss the Bavarian beer! I found it a bit barbaric to be honest. Who wants to have their entire academic (and thereby professional) future mapped out for them before they even hit puberty? Yes it is always easier living in your own country. I can only confirm that. I have been living in Argentina for 3 years and I remember I couldn't wait to get out of Germany in 2010. Now, I can't wait to go back. Living abroad opens your eyes and makes you value your own country. Everything that I was criticizing about Germany 3 years ago, I now cherish and I can't wait to have those things back. Very nice reasons to live in Germany. But even then majority of people like to live in their own culture and homeland with their own style.


Updated on March 25, 2016 Kelly Kline Burnett moreContact Author When I read about Ruth Handler and her invention - the Barbie Doll, I read also about her inspiration. I as an inventor never thought her invention might be a direct copy - that never for once crossed my mind. And what an education I had! I had read about the similarities but never had seen the "original" inspiration from Germany - the Lilli doll. The original is so close to the first Barbie that at first I was crest fallen. My hero, Ruth Handler, was not an inventor, she was a duplicator.


In literary fashion, she would be a plagiarizer. In the commercial world here in America, she was a commercial success and is heralded as an inventor. But if you look closely, there isn't allot that she crafted - the Barbie is really a cookie cutter of the German doll Lilli right down to the slanted eyes. Oh, sure Mattel with their millions went on to acquire the rights of Lilli and later have perhaps dozens of their own utility patents. Yet the "inspiration" is a misnomer and must be recognized as a copy. Here in America we chastise the Chinese for copying our products and mass producing them and bringing them to the average household. The Lilli doll had a total production of 130,000 from 1955-1964. It is estimated in the first year alone, Barbie produced 350,000 dolls.


It is estimated that Barbie is available now in 150 countries and has sold over 1 billion dolls! Barbie even has developed a "color-coded system" to designated the number of dolls in a production with platinum being the highest in value and the lowest in quantity produced. Colors include platinum, gold, pink and silver. Inspiration of Brilliance or Simple Duplication? The true brilliance of Ruth Handler cannot be understood in simply the production numbers. The brilliance is Ruth's emotional connection to children and relaying that emotion to the new media called television. For you see while Ruth may have "copied" the doll, she invented the promotion. It is the promotion of the doll that has forever captured our hearts.


Updated on December 14, 2017 Peggy Woods moreI live in Houston, and I have worked as a nurse. My interests include art, traveling, reading, gardening, cooking, and our wonderful pets. Contact Author More than Beer and Bratwurst! If you are seeking a culinary best gift idea for someone who likes German food or likes experimenting with different world cuisines, think about giving some German cooking books, some German knives or other gifts like German chocolates. Who doesn't like chocolate? All of these things can easily be purchased online and your home cook will appreciate receiving something uniquely different from you this year.


I grew up with about 3/4 German heritage and 1/4 Norwegian background. Perhaps that was just wishful thinking on someone's part? In any case, the German heritage was a predominant part of my background and how we were reared. Many of the good home cooks like my grandmother and mother cooked without the use of recipes for the most part. In many cases girls in the family learned how to do things by watching (and when they were old enough) helping out in their mother's kitchens as these old family recipes were made. I have authored a post about my grandmother's treasured old timey recipes taken out of a journal where she had handwritten the recipes.


In many cases even if the ingredients gave exact amounts, the directions on how to proceed with the recipes was not written down. In testing the recipes for a post, I was forced to experiment with oven timing and ended up sampling some pretty good cookies, tortes and desserts. Naturally I gave the reader the benefit of that experimentation so that they do not have to continue the experiment of trying some of those old recipes. I did for that post and a subsequent one! I should get a gold star!hofbrauhauslasvegas.com The German Cookbook: A Complete Guide to Mastering Authentic German CookingAnyone wishing to cook authentic German food needs this in their kitchen library. German cooking books ordered here will have exact specifications as to ingredients and directions. German companies for years have been known for producing quality knives.


In fact, when I worked years ago as an operating room nurse, many of the surgical instruments were also made in Germany. The knives that my husband and I use in our kitchen are made by Wusthof and we have been very satisfied with their use. We have an electric knife sharpener that we haul out once or twice a year to keep the edges sharp. In between we utilize the sharpening tool that came with the set. A quality sharp knife greatly speeds up the preparation process of cutting and preparing food. Supposedly there are also some great German hunting knives made.


German or any other kind would be of no interest as a best culinary gift idea? They probably still need some good knives of some sort to do some minor preparations in their kitchen. A sharp German knife to slice a tomato perhaps? German chocolates as a gift idea?thoughtco.com One can hardly go wrong whether the gift is for birthdays, anniversaries, Christmas, Valentine's Day or any other special occasion. Perhaps a gift wrapped box of German chocolates would be a nice gift just to surprise your favorite relative or friend for no special reason at all! Chocolate, especially dark chocolate is actually good for one if consumed in moderate amounts. It activates endorphins in your body which make one feel good. Wish to make someone happy? Think of surprising them with some good German chocolates!


For your German family members or friends or others who simply wish to expand their repertoire of cooking scrumptious food for dining at home, consider giving them some German cooking books or German knives. For all others, a gift of German chocolates is sure to please! Do you like German food?germanamerican.com I am not familiar with it. 0 of 8192 characters usedPost CommentNo HTML is allowed in comments, but URLs will be hyperlinked.vegasshepherdrescue.com Comments are not for promoting your articles or other sites. That was the way my grandmother and also my mother cooked for the most part without recipes except when it came to baking. I pretty much do the same.