Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so much longer than men today and how have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we aren't sure how much the influence of each factor is.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that a large portion of the reason women live so much longer than men do today but not previously, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور has to have to do with the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line - it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart above shows that, while the advantage for women exists everywhere, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is only half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US between 1790 until 2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very modest but it increased substantially over the last century.

Using the option 'Change country' on the chart, you are able to confirm that the two points apply to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.