Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? And why does this benefit increase in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral and environmental variables which play a significant role in the longevity of women over men, we don't know how much each factor contributes.

We have learned that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. But this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for زيوت تطويل الشعر men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line , this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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In the richer countries, the female advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's look at how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand زيوت تطويل الشعر out.

First, there's an upward trend. and women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was very small however, it has grown significantly in the past.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you will be able to check that these two points apply to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.