Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to reach an absolute conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know how much the influence to each of these variables is.

We know that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But, this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, زيوت تطويل الشعر (Read Much more) ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

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The advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was lower in the richer countries than it is today.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US from 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small however, it has increased significantly over the course of the last century.

It is possible to verify that these are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.