Diferencia entre revisiones de «Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men»

Revisión actual del 09:53 31 may 2022

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present, and why is this difference growing over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; but we don't know exactly how much the influence of each one of these factors is.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that at a minimum, the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present but not in the past, is to do with the fact that certain key non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and ابر التخسيس relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In the richer countries, the advantage of women in longevity was not as great.
We will now examine how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

Using the option 'Change country by country' in the chart, you are able to check that these two points are also applicable to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.